The four ASD assessments
Background
Within the 3di's autism provision, there are four different assessments:
ICD-10 ASD extended
ICD-10 ASD brief
DSM-5 ASD extended
DSM-5 ASD brief
In total the 3di has a bank of nearly 900 questions, all of which are listed in the Interview Explorer. However, in typical usage you will answer only a much smaller set of questions drawn from this bank, known as a route. Each ASD assessment has its own route, scoring algorithm, and scoring tables in the Word reports.
The four assessments were added to the software over 25 years of research and use. In contemporary training, we only teach the newer DSM-5 assessments. However, the older ICD-10 assessments are still present in the latest 3di software for use by those who trained in them.
The ASD routes contain only those questions which contribute to the scoring tables in the report. They do not contain the qualitative questions about the child's family, medical and educational history. For a richer report, you can complete these in advance using pre-entry, or during the interview via the Interview Explorer.
The ASD assessments today
1. ICD-10 extended
This was the first ASD algorithm implemented in the 3di, around 2004. Its scoring is based on 134 questions. The corresponding route is ASD_extended (ICD-10).
This original 3di assessment was published in The developmental, dimensional and diagnostic interview (3di): a novel computerized assessment for autism spectrum disorders and is the most widely translated and validated version in languages other than English.
In current 3di versions, if you want to run this assessment, you will have to choose to include its scoring tables in the report via the Preferences form. The output of this algorithm appears only in the extended report, under the heading ICD-10 ASD. It does not appear in the brief report.
Previously, the ICD-10 extended was known simply as ASD_extended.
2. ICD-10 brief
This was the second ASD algorithm implemented in the 3di, around 2009. Its scoring is based on 61 questions. The corresponding route is ASD_brief (ICD-10).
The derivation and validation of this assessment was published in The construction and validation of a short form of the developmental, diagnostic and dimensional interview. It also sees widespread use especially in non-English translations of the 3di.
In current 3di versions, if you want to run this assessment, you will have to choose to include its scoring tables in the report via the Preferences form. The output of this algorithm appears only in the brief report, under the heading ICD-10 ASD. It does not appear in the extended report.
Previously, the ICD-10 brief was known simply as ASD_brief or sometimes 3di-sv for '3di short version'.
3. DSM-5 extended
This was the third ASD algorithm implemented in the 3di, around 2013. Its scoring is based on 177 questions. The corresponding route is ASD_extended (DSM-5 Crit A+B).
This output of this algorithm appears only in the extended report, and not in the brief report, under the heading DSM-5: ASD extended assessment.
4. DSM-5 brief
This was the fourth ASD algorithm implemented in the 3di, in 2022. Its scoring is based on 66 questions. The corresponding route for this algorithm is named ASD_brief (DSM-5 Crit A+B).
This output of this algorithm appears in both the brief and extended reports, under the heading DSM-5: ASD brief assessment.
Scoring details
Your 3di installation folder contains a Reference subfolder with details of how the four algorithms work.
For algorithms 1 and 2, ASD_three-domain_scales_defined and ASD_diagnosis_flowcharts_3_domain describe the algorithm for computing scores, and the rules for determining if diagnostic criteria have been met. ASD_scales_Ref details which individual questions contribute to each subscale.
For algorithms 3 and 4, DSM-5_ASD_scoring describes the algorithm, while ASD_scales_Ref details which individual questions contribute to each subscale.
3di-adult
You may have heard about this assessment. The 3di-adult is a standalone pen-and-paper tool developed as part of a research project, which drew on the 3di question bank. The 3di-adult has not been implemented in the 3di software, and presently there are no plans to do so. You can read about the 3di-adult here.
The 3di software is currently not suitable for the assessment of adults.
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